Knee Collateral Ligament Injuries
The knee joint comprises of two collateral ligaments either side of the knee that provide support and stability to inward and outward directed forces to the knee joint. Such ligaments [...]
Hip Cartilage – Labral Tears & Femoro-Acetabular Impingement (FAI)
The hip joint is classed as a type of ball and socket joint. It is comprises of the head of the femur and the acetabulum. The acetabulum is lined with [...]
Meniscal Injuries
The menisci are C-shaped rings of cartilage that provide shock absorption within the knee joint. The knee joint comprises of a medial menisus and a lateral meniscus, inner and outer [...]
Cervical Spine Nerve Injuries
There are many nerves in the neck that emerge from the cervical spine at various levels that supply the upper body. An irritation of these nerves may cause nerve compression [...]
Quadriceps Injury
The Quadriceps muscle group is situated on the front aspect of the thigh and each individual muscle collectively allows movement to occur between the hip and knee joints. The powerful [...]
Trochanteric Bursitis
The greater trochanter is a large projection of the femur bone situated on the upper lateral aspect of the thigh. The trochanteric bursa sits between the greater trochanter and the [...]
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome occurs when the median nerve becomes compressed and irritated as it passes down the wrist via the carpal tunnel into the hand. Causes: Carpel tunnel syndrome tends [...]
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Wrist and hand tendon injuries are common in many sports. Common types of injuries include De Quervain’s Syndrome which produces pain and inflammation of specific tendons on the lateral side [...]
Clavicle (Collarbone) Injuries
The clavicle is the bone that connects the sternum (breast bone) to the shoulder girdle. The two joints associated with the clavicle are the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint. [...]
Elbow Bursitis
A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that helps to reduce friction between the bone and overlying tendons. The elbow bursa is situated posteriorly at the back of the elbow joint. [...]
Neck Strain & Whiplash Injuries
Neck strain normally affects the upper back and neck. These spinal regions are known as the thoracic and cervical spine. The cervical spine exits the base of the skull and [...]
Achilles Tendon Injuries
The Achilles tendon is situated at the back of the lower leg from the calcaneus (heal) bone to the posterior calf muscles. Tendons connect a muscle to a bone to [...]
Shin Splints
Shin splints is a term which defines a painful condition that normally affects the front of the lower legs and is frequently caused and made worse with exercise. Shin splints [...]
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
The Iliotibial Band (ITB) is a superficial band of tissue which extends from the pelvis, over the hip and inserts on the lateral aspect of the knee. Iliotibial band syndrome [...]
Knee Tendon Injuries
The patella tendon connects the patella to the tibia at the point of the tibial tuberosity (the bony lump at the top of the shin). It is an extension of [...]
Hamstring Injuries
The ‘hamstrings’ are a powerful muscle group located at the back of the thigh and comprise of three muscles; biceps femoris, semi-membranosus and semi-tendinosus. There are a wide range of [...]
Groin Strain
Groin strains refer to the overstretching, tearing or rupturing of any of the adductor muscles situated on the inside of the upper leg. Groin strains normally involve mild tears of [...]
Shoulder Joint Inflammation
The shoulder joint is classified as a ball & socket joint which involves the top of the humerus bone articulating within the glenoid cavity that is supported by muscles, ligament, [...]
Rotator Cuff Injuries
The rotator cuff complex consists of four main muscles that stabilise the shoulder joint to allow controlled movement. Such muscles include the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor. These muscles [...]
Piriformis Syndrome
The piriformis muscle assists with rotation of the hip joint and abduction of the thigh. The muscle may exert pressure on the sciatic nerve and contribute to piriformis syndrome. The [...]
Slipped Disc & Sciatica
The spine is built up of individual bones (vertebra) and cartilage (intervertebral discs). The discs act as a shock absorber, have a soft, spongy centre and are located between each [...]
Lateral Knee Pain (pain on the outside of the knee)
Lateral knee pain is common in all sports and activities. Here at G4, we see a lot of clients with pain attributed to numerous possible sources of injury. Such cases [...]